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Module Nine - Chapter Nine Essay Questions
Memory refers to the processes that record information and to the experiences that can be later retrieved and/or expressed in behavior. Memory is viewed from three perspectives: content. processes, and architecture. The content of memory consists of three major systems, each referring to a different type of information: episodic, semantic, and procedural memory. The stages or processes of memory are the encoding. storage, and retrieval of information. The memory system's architecture is the structure of memory as utilized during the encoding. storage, and retrieval stages. Memory structure consists of the sensory registers, short-term or working memory, and long-term memory Forgetting is the inability to retrieve information. Memory reconstruction is rebuilding an incomplete and sketchy memory with "reasonable" embellishments.

**Part One:** Your task is to choo se one of these questions listed below to research and write about. How do I choose my questions? You are to go to the page of the question you would like to answer. If there is no name next to the question you are to then select edit and enter your name next to the question and then save that page. You may not select a question already chosen. There are enough questions for every stu dent to have one question. Choose early to get the question you want to write on. You are to research your answer and provide 2 web citations for references and one media object like a video or image. Media objects will need their own web citation. Most answers can be done in 50 to 100 words. Select your question from the navigation menu to the right. When you find your page with your question you may enter your answer by simply clicking the Edit This Page button at the top of Wiki page. This part is worth 40 points.

**Part Two:** You are to read every answer for every question. These are the questions from which I will select five questions for the module exam. I would suggest you copy and paste these into a document you can use to study with. You then are to visit **one** other student's question and answer page again. You are to leave comments and suggestions as to how the question could have been answered better and enter your name and the date commented. You are also to give **two examples** that either reinforce the answer presented or refute the answer. You must also give citations for references used. If someone else has chosen that student you must choose another student. This is part is worth **20 points**. You are then to submit in this assignment a message with: **If you do not do this you will not receive a grade.**
 * 1) Your actual question.
 * 2) Your answer for the question.
 * 3) Your two source citations.
 * 4) Your media object and a citation for the media object.
 * 5) Your citations for resources used.
 * 6) The actual question of the person you responded to and their name
 * 7) Your response to their answer.
 * 8) Your citations for resources you used in your response.
 * Questions:**

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 * 1) Define memory, and explain how flashbulb m emories differ from other memories. **-**
 * 2) Describe Atkinson-Schiffrin's classic three-stage processing model of memory, and explain how the contemporary model of working memory differs. -
 * 3) Distinguish between sensory memory, short-term (working) memory, and long-term memory and identify the major model these are reflected in. -
 * 4) What is the difference between procedu ral and declarative memory? -
 * 5) Describe the memory encoding process. -
 * 6) What is the difference between iconic and echoic memory? -
 * 7) Distinguish between implicit and explicit memory, and identify the main brain structure associated with each. -
 * 8) What is chunking and hierarchies in effortful processing and why are they useful useful? Give examples -
 * 9) Contrast maintenance rehearsal with elaborative rehearsal. -
 * 10) What is the serial position curve, and how do the primacy effect and recency effect relate to it? -
 * 11) What is the misinformation effect and how does that distort memory? -
 * 12) What are the differences between recall, recognition, and relearning measures of memory ? -
 * 13) Discuss the relationship between priming and retrieval cues. -
 * 14) What is the interference theory of forgetting? -
 * 15) Discuss some ways stress hormones can affect memory. -
 * 16) Compare motivated forgetting with repression. -
 * 17) Describe state-dependent memory and mood-congruent recall. -
 * 18) What role does distinctiveness play in retrieval, and how does it relate to "flashbulb" memory? -
 * 19) Discuss the concept of storage decay, and describe Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve. -
 * 20) Contrast proactive and retroactive interference, and explain how they can cause retrieval failure. -
 * 21) What is a mnemonic device? Give examples. -
 * 22) What are schemas and scripts, and what roles do they play in memory? -
 * 23) <span style="color: #333333; font-family: arial,verdana,sans-serif; font-size: 13.333333969116211px; line-height: 1.5;">What is the spacing effect and in what types of memory memory tasks can it be found? Give an example. <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 1.5;">-